Various Types Of Warehouse Storage Racks

warehoouse rack types

Before selecting the warehouse storage racks, you maybe want to learn what types of racking and shelving systems are suitable for your warehouse?

Mould storage racks

The mould rack is also called mold shelf, suitable for storing varieties of mold, jigs, tooling and components and can be classified into light mold rack and a heavy one according to the load capacity.

Mould rack

Beam racks

Beam racks are safe and convenient, suitable for various warehouses. With the racks, they can directly access to goods. It is the simplest and the most widely used racks. They can make full use of space. They adopt a convenient pallet access method, effectively cooperate with forklift loading and unloading, greatly improve work efficiency.

Drive-in racks

The drive-in racks, also known as corridor racks or through shelves, designed to store large quantities of similar pallet items. The trays are stored on the support rails one by one in the depth direction, which increases the storage density and improves the space utilization rate. The racks are widely used in the places where storage space is expensive, such as frozen warehouses. They have 4 basic components including the frame, guide rail support, pallet guide rail and diagonal rod. They have a high utilization rate in the warehouse and can realize first-in-first-out(FIFO), suitable for storing large quantities and few varieties of cargo with batch operations. The smallest available space provides the largest storage. The forklift can drive directly into the aisle to access the goods, which is extremely convenient.

Cantilever racks

The racks are suitable for storing long and irregular cargo. The forward cantilever has a light structure and strong load capacity, which can greatly increase the utilization rate and work efficiency of the warehouse. With the shelves, they are especially suitable for warehouses with small space and low height, easy to manage. Compared with ordinary shelf racks, the utilization rate is higher.

Mezzanine racks

Mezzanine racks also known as attic shelves, they adopt fully combined structure and wood plates, checkered plates, steel plates, etc, can be used as floor slabs, flexibly designed into two or more layers, suitable the storage of hardware tools, small packages of electronic equipment, mechanical parts and other small items. They have the advantages of low cost, fast construction and make full use of the space.

mezzanine racks

Flow-through racks

Fluent strips are adopted by flow-though racks to put the goods in plastic boxes or totes. The weight of the goods is utilized to achieve the first-in first-out. The racks are suitable for the storage of materials on the production line or assembly line. The material box can slide down along the roller by gravity.

flow-through racks

An ideal warehouse racking system can do a great favor to make full use of your storage space, greatly improve the efficiency of inventory management.

What Is A Continuous Casting Machine

Definition

The production process of continuously casting high-temperature molten steel into a slab with a certain cross-sectional shape and a certain size is called continuous casting steel. The equipment required to complete this process is called a continuous casting machine (CCM). The electromechanical-hydraulic integration of the steel casting equipment such as the body equipment, the cutting area equipment, the dummy rod collection and conveying equipment constitutes the core equipment of continuous steel casting, which is customarily called the continuous casting machine.

Main advantages of full arc continuous casting machine

1. Because it is arranged in a 1/4 arc range, its height is lower than that of vertical CCM and vertical bends CCM, the equipment is lighter in weight, the investment cost is lower, and the equipment is easy to install and maintain, so it is widely used.

2. Due to the low equipment height, the static pressure of the molten steel during the solidification process of the slab is relatively small, which can reduce the internal cracks and segregation caused by the deformation of the bulging, which is conducive to increasing the drawing speed and improving the quality of the slab.

R6 Multi-Strand Continuous Casting Machine

The R6 continuous casting(CC) machine uses integrated copper tube type billet crystallizer with high-frequency small-amplitude leaf spring vibration. The machine has a simplified slab guiding device with low cost and easy maintenance. Five-roll four-drive straightening machine has a large pulling force and the auxiliary straightening machine can perform secondary straightening of the slab in the accident state. The special flying shears can be quickly and accurately cut to length. The surface of the grinding rate is less than 5%.

R6 continuous casting(CC) machine

Process parameters

Model: Full arc continuous square billet continuous casting machine

Number of strands: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Casting machine radius: 6, 8, 10m

Billet specifications: 80*80, 90*90, 100*100, 120*120, 150*150, 180*180, 200*200, 240*240mm

Rectangular billet: (120 ~ 200) (240 ~ 600)mm

Working speed: 0.6~1.2 m/min

Annual output: 10 to 150,000 tons /strand

Spill rate: ≤0.1%

Continuous pouring time: ≥8h

R4-R5 continuous casting machine

The R4-R5 continuous casting machine is a single unit single strand CCM machine and has a production capacity of 5-12 tons per hour. It is suitable for electric furnaces of more than 1 ton, multi-furnace continuous casting and intermittent small batch casting. The user who has a lower factory building and no crane can install the machine underground, which is convenient for manual bag pouring and electric furnace pouring.

R4-R5 continuous casting machine

TINVO manufactures continuous casting machines with high efficient casting speed, multi-point straightening and protects casting, best price and high quality guaranteed.

What You Should Learn About Spring Starter

Spring starter is a cost-effective mechanical starting device, which provides engine emergency starting solution when the battery lacks power. The mechanical starter is a complete system, not any other auxiliary required, widely used in the fire pump, military, marine, emergency rescue, petrochemicals, etc.

spring starter

Working principle of spring starter

Spring starter uses disc springs to store and release energy, suits mini, medium, heavy-duty, and super heavy-duty diesel engines.

Spring starter composition

One spring starter assy is comprised of four mechanical systems including hand cranking, energy storage, energy release and clutch system.

Hand cranking system

The hand cranking system consists of the crankshaft, drive gear, etc. It is designed to input and conveys manpower. There are four functions of this system. First, it determines the space and angle for hand cranking. That makes operating more convenient and comfortable. Second, the rotation direction of input torque is adjustable, ensuring rotation direction accord with axis direction of spring starter’ main shaft. Third, the hand-cranking system limits the reverse rotation of the input adaptor. Fourth, it supports the main shaft in axis direction and thrust the main shaft in the radial direction.

Energy storage system

The energy storage system is the main mechanism of the spring starter. It consists of disc springs, main shaft, and some other auxiliary parts. There are two functions. One is converting input torque from the hand-cranking system to the force in the axial direction. The disc springs will be compressed by this force to store energy. The other one is converting the potential energy of disc springs to the output torque of the main shaft.

Engine release system

The release system is manipulating the mechanism of the spring starter. Its main spare parts are reset knob assy and trip lever. Reset knob controls energy storage status. Manipulate reset knob to stop the main shaft rotating, so that the whole system is ready for energy storage. When energy is full, manipulate the trip lever to release the main shaft. While disc springs will be decompressed, and the main shaft starts to rotate, driving the drive pinion to rotate, in order to drive engine flywheel.

Clutch system

Clutch system controls spring starter engage and disengage with engine flywheel. The major part of the clutch system is drive pinion. It is able to move in an axial direction with the aid of a spiral flute on the main shaft. Before starting the engine, the rotation of the main shaft drives pinion to move forward to engage with engine flywheel. When the engine starts to work, engine flywheel’s rotation will drive the pinion to disengage with it.

mechanical starter

How to operate spring starter

It is easy to operate the spring starter. First, you need to confirm the fuel supply is prepared. Then pull reset knob, the trip lever will be at the “RESET” position. Use the winding handle to crank the input adaptor for specified turns to energy full. Pull the trip lever in the indicated direction to start the engine.

How to choose the right spring starter

Customers can select the product according to the engine’s displacement, load, installation space and so on. And a customized spring starter can be designed and manufactured depending on the installation interface of the engine.

Summary

Spring starter provides a perfect solution for emergency engine starter. It is an independent mechanical starter without any other auxiliary equipment and doesn’t require any other external power.

How to choose an ideal warehouse racking system

When you step in your warehouse, whether you get angry by unorganized goods? Are you looking forward to a reliable and professional warehouse racking system manufacturers for an ideal warehouse racking solution to maximize the existing storage space in your workshop and factory? What should be considered for purchasing a warehouse rack and what are the main functions of the warehouse racking system?

What is a warehouse racking system?

Definition

The racking system is an important tool and storage device for warehouse modernization and high-efficiency work, based on the six basic functions of logistics including packaging, transportation, loading and unloading, sorting, information management.

Configures

Storage racks usually are composed of uprights, beams, shelves, tray, guides, etc.

warehouse racking system

Applications

Supermarket, automobile 4S shop, garment store, hospital, library, video shop, etc.

Why should choose a warehouse racking system?

1. The vertical structure can make full use of the space, improving the warehouse capacity utilization rate, and expand the storage capacity.

2.Convenient for storage and tacking out of the goods with fluent inventory turnover.

3. The items in the warehouse racks are convenient for management work such as inventory, classification, and measurement.

4. To meet the storage and centralized management requirements of large quantities and a wide variety of products, coordinated with mechanical transport tools, it also can achieve orderly storage and transport work.

5. The goods stored in the racks are not squeezed each other, which can fully guarantee the function of the material and reduce the loss.

6. To ensure the quality of the stored products with protective measures such as moisture-proof, dust-proof, anti-theft and anti-vandalism.

7. To satisfy the requirement of low-cost, low-loss and high-efficiency logistics supply chain.

8.Large bearing capacity, not easy to deform, reliable connection, easy to assemble and disassemble, various types for different requirements.

warehouse racking system manufacturers

The Factors To Consider For Selecting A Warehouse Racking System

Capacity and storage utilization

The warehouse racking system can greatly improve capacity utilization and take advantage of storage space. You should consider the amount of space for the system. The quantity, size, weight, varieties of the products.

The types of stored products

Whether the product is perishable, fragile, a seasonal product or special preservation measures needed for the item?

Forklift access

This factor is critical. The ability to accommodate forklifts for bulk cargo and the aisle width required for forklift handling should be taken into account.

Inventory retrieval

The order of inventory retrieval is important. First-in First-out (FIFO) or Last-in First-out (LIFO), carefully evaluate your choices, which significantly affect your material handling labor costs.

Turnover time

The time of the products stay in your warehouse also is a factor to consider for choosing the racking system, hours/weeks/months?

Customize

Whether the warehouse racking suppliers provide customized service is also a factor. A wide variety of products may have different requirements for storage.

Safety

When building a racking system, safety should be taken into consideration.

The article explains some aspects which can help you select the ideal warehouse racking system including the definition, functions & advantages, factors which should be taken into account for purchasing.

For more professional knowledge and information, please visit the page of Sanji-first product news.

Quality Marine Lights From YSmarines

Marine lights are used for the illumination of various types of boats, vessels,yachts and much more ships. They mainly include navigation signal light, fluorescent light, incandescent Light, explosion-proof light, searchlight, etc.

JCY21-2L, JCY41-2L Type LED Pendant Light for Marine

The LED pendant light fits for illumination of water dripping, water spattering, water coagulating place in ships, such as oven cabin, dry cabin, tunnel, pipeline and weather deck, etc. The shell adopts a good quality steel plate tensioned. The lampshade adopts the injection of PC with a seal structure. The lamp body has a compact structure and delicacy appearance, adopting the import spin-type of the lamp holder, convenient to connect inside.

LED pendant light

Features:

1. Equipped with LED lamps, with high light efficiency, the working life can be over 50,000 hours.

2. The LED starter has stabled components, to assure that the circuit has a long lifetime, and it has the protection for the short circuit and overload, to assure that the circuit LED light works for the long term.

3. The environmental temperature for work is -30℃~+55℃.

Production authentication:

1. The product approved by the CCS (CHINA Classification Society)

2. Adopt IEC60092-306-2009 standard, GB7000.1, GB7000.10, GB17743, GB19510.1, GB19510.14.

3. Conform to GRADE ENTRY NORMS FOR STEEL SHIP, the patent no is ZL2004 30018 543.3.

HY-YJ Type LED EXIT Light

The type of LED EXIT Light fits for exit and alleyway indication in ships for the passage and emergency exit. It is available for both normal lighting and emergency lighting. It can shaft to an emergency state automatically when normal lighting power failure. It is made of copper-free aluminium with a lightweight of 1.5kg. The shell adopts a leak-proof structure with high waterproof. The time of automatic emergency illumination is not less than 180min.

LED EXIT Light

Production authentication:

Conform to the standard of GB7000.1(IEC 60598-1), GB7000.2(IEC60598-2-22),GB17945, GD 01,GB4208(IEC60529), etc.

CHT5-L Type LED Chart Light

The LED chart light can be used to be illuminate areas normally difficult to reach of boat, yacht, or other marine vessels. Its warm LED provides bright illumination for reading with energy-saving, environment-friendly and the working life can get up to 50,000 hours. It features a different look and basic on/off function. The head of light adopts aluminium alloy, weight light and high intensity.

LED chart light

Features:

1. The lampshade adopts good quality milk-white PC material, a soft ray of light.

2. The LED starter has stabled components, to assure that the circuit has a long lifetime, and it has the protection for the short circuit and overload, to assure that the LED light work for the long term.

3. The LED chart light can adjust up and down, left and right.

4. Equipped with dimmer, it can adjust high-low luminance

Production authentication:

IEC60092-306, GB7000.1, GB7000.201, GB17743, GB19510.1, GB19510.14.

CHT4 Type Chart Light for Marine

The chart light is used to light on the chart desk in the steering room and can be suitable for boat, yacht, or other marine vessels. It is applicable for the navigation areas of the boat to provide high-quality lighting when inspecting navigation charts and maps. The shell adopts good quality steel, wall type mounting and the light can be adjusted up and down, left and right, fore and back, equipped with dimmer.

chart light

Production authentication:

1. Conform to GRADE ENTRY NORMS FOR STEEL SHIP.

2. Approved by CCS (CHINA Classification Society)

YSmarines carries a wide selection of marine lights to match the interior trim of the boat, ship, yacht, etc, with highly flexible and fluid in movement, excellent quality and best prices guaranteed.

Quality Spring Starter From Cqstart

Cqstart is the abbreviation of the Chongqing Starting Power Unit Co., Ltd., which is an original design manufacturer of spring starter, founded in 2008. With a senior engineer team, Cqstart keeps researching and developing a spring starter to solve the problem of engine application. Spring starter manufactured by Cqstarter, is a cost-effective mechanical starting means, providing a safe, fast, backup mechanical solution for the engine when electric starter could not work, widely used in marine, emergency rescue, military, oil field, and some other harsh environments. National and Industrial technical standards state that mechanical starting means must be prepared when special applications.

spring starter

Why Choose Cqstart

Reliability

Over 3000 times of simulated condition starting test, no broken components were found.

According to customers’ feedbacks, the operating life of Cqstart spring starter is over 10 years.

Stability

Unique simulated condition starting test bench ensures each starter we sell is of high performance.

Cost-effective

Cqstart has mature materials, advanced heat treatment process, numerical control machining and testing, and lower labor cost. Cqstart adheres to a cost-effective pricing strategy.

Super starting capacity

Cqstart has been tested to start diesel engines up to 50L.

Safety

Cqstart provides a micro-lock switch for dual starter application. It protects spring starter when an electric starter is working, which substantially reduces failure cases caused by mal-operation.

Service

Cqstart offers professional pre-sales service, helping you to find a suitable model for your engine, Besides, Cqstart’s after-sales service is also satisfying, providing an operation guide with a well-understood illustration and videos, even site instruction if needed.

Cqstart provides high-quality spring starters, no maintenance cost, competitive price and excellent services guaranteed.

Why choose Sanji-first tool storage cabinets

tool storage cabinet

Sanji-first is one of the most professional tool storage cabinet manufacturers with advanced equipment in China and provides perfects solutions for the storage and organizing of the tool or materials, fast delivery, and the most affordable prices guaranteed.

How to choose tool storage cabinets

1.The amounts of tools

When you require a tool cabinet, the first you should consider is how many tools you need to be organized or stored

2.The storage space

Space is based on the storage requirement in your workshop, factory, garage, or house. How much space can be emptied for the cabinets? Make a serious assessment of your current tool inventory.

3. Work Environment

The place of your work is also an important factor for choosing the cabinets. Factory, automobile repair shop, warehouse or just at home, the different places need different types of tool cabinets

4. The Price

Price is important and people always want to find a best-value product.

Advantages of Sanji-first tool storage cabinets

1. Various types including tool storage cabinets with drawers, mobile tool cabinets, cabinets with workbench, sorting cabinets, etc.

2.Designed with a three-piece lap joint

3. The horizontal partition in the drawer can be adjusted freely.

4.Can be customized to meet the different requirements

5.Thickened first-grade cold-rolled steel plate

6. Different heights of drawers can be freely configured to fully meet your needs.

7. The surface is coated with electrostatic powder spraying, more environmentally friendly

8. Complete logistics system and the most competitive prices

9. Modern factory with advanced technology

Tool storage cabinets can greatly improve your work efficiency. For the cabinets purchase, Sanji-first will be your perfect choice, as a manufacturer and wholesaler.

Brief Introduction Of Continuous Casting Machine

The continuous casting machine simplifies the production process, improving the production efficiency and metal yield, saving energy consumption and greatly reducing the production cost. Whether it is long-flow steelmaking or short-flow steelmaking, the continuous casting machine (CCM) is necessary. According to the structure and appearance, the continuous casting machine can be classified into a vertical continuous casting machine, vertical curved one, arc one with a linear segment and a horizontal one. The machine consists of a molten steel carrying device, a tundish and its replacement device, a crystallizer and its vibration device, a drawing straightener, a cutting device and an ingot device. The continuous casting machine provided by TINVO with solid and modularly design, meeting the requirements for steel quality and subsequent rolling processing through continuous innovation research. With rich technical experience.

Φ80-150 Round Billet Continuous Casting Machine

The continuous casting (CC) round billet refers to a machine that mainly produces tube blanks for seamless steel pipes and it adopts continuous cast steel iron-making technology. It is mainly composed of the ladle, tundish, mold (primary cooling), mold oscillating unit, secondary cooling and casting billet guide device, withdrawal and straightening unit, cutting unit, billet discharge unit (conveying roller), etc. The completely solidified straight billet will be cut into the required size by cutting equipment and transported to the subsequent process by conveying roller. The equipment used for continuous casting steel production is actually the complete set of mechanical equipment in the continuous casting production line.

The production process of continuously casting high-temperature molten steel into a slab with a certain cross-sectional shape and a certain size is called continuous casting steel. The equipment required to complete this process is called a continuous casting machine (CCM). The electromechanical-hydraulic integration of the steel casting equipment such as the body equipment, the cutting area equipment, the dummy rod collection and conveying equipment constitutes the core equipment of continuous steel casting.

continuous casting (CC) round billet

R8-R12 Rectangular Billet Continuous Casting Machine

The R8-R12 rectangular billet continuous casting machine(CCM) belongs to the full arc continuous casting machine, which is divided according to the size and the shape of the cast section. Qualified molten steel from steel refining furnace will be poured into steel ladle, then it will be delivered to the position above the CCM after external refining processing, and molten steel will be poured into the tundish from ladle bottom outlet. Tundish nozzle shall be adjusted to match with the lower mould in advance. After opening the tundish stopper or sliding nozzle (or sizing nozzle), molten steel will flow into forced water-cooled copper mould. The molten steel inside the mould will be quickly cooled into crystals. Withdrawal and straightening machine will pull out the dummy bar (with dummy bar) from the mould at a certain speed. After pulling out from the mould, the casting billet shall be cooled by spraying water, and this is called secondary cooling. The secondary cooling device of crystallizer and the drawing straightening equipment of the full-arc continuous casting machine are arranged on a circle of 1/4 arc. The slab is arc-shaped in the crystallizer. The casting billet is continuously pulled out of the continuous casting machine to be cut to a fixed length and output from the horizontal direction. Meanwhile, the molten steel is continuously poured into the mould. The height of the continuous casting machine is basically equal to the arc radius. The outer arc radius of the continuous caster is usually called the arc radius of the arc continuous caster.

billet continuous casting machine

TINVO is your trustworthy manufacturer for CCM machine with the best prices and superior quality. It offers comprehensive continuous casting solutions conforming to standardization, high economic benefits and high-tech high-speed drawing, the most affordable price guaranteed.

Various Types Of Tool Storage Cabinets

When you are in a workshop, factory, garage, or on homework and need to organize your tools or materials, tool storage cabinets will give you a great favor for storing tools neatly and orderly. Sanji-first is a professional tool storage cabinet manufacturers which are specialized in the researching and development of tool chests & cabinets and help you get the job done more effectively.

In this article, we will introduce the tool storage cabinets from all kinds of aspects

Tool storage cabinets have the amazing ability for storing a large number of tools

Various types of tool storage cabinets all have great storage capacity and can withstand the significant weight of the tools. The drawers are made of special guide rails for a heavyweight. Sturdy, high-quality steel construction and drawers easily opened and closed guarantee the long service life. The tool cabinets with drawers have plenty of storage space. All the cabinets can be customized to fully meet your requirements.

Tool storage cabinets types

Multi-drawer tool cabinets

multi drawers tool cabinet

Features:

1. High-strength structural design with the special powder-spraying surface treatment process and can adapt to a more complex working environment.

2. The guide rails are equipped with high-quality bearings which ensure that a single drawer can be opened and closed smoothly even under rated load.

3. The freely adjustable partition in the drawer allows you to separate the storage space.

4.Full-width aluminum alloy drawer handle with a replaceable label which is beautiful, convenient and practical.

5. The advanced drawer safety buckle design ensures that the drawer will not slide out accidentally after closing.

6. Equipped with a safety baffle design to ensure that the drawer will not fall when opened.

7. Only one key can lock all drawers to guarantee the safety of the goods.

8. Surface colors can be optional

9. The top frame with an oil-proof rubber pad can be configured to protect the placed items from damage and prevent the items from sliding down.

Rolling tool cabinets

rolling tool cabinet

Features:

1. With polyurethane wheels, the movement is lighter and more flexible.

2. The drawers adopt professional special guide rails, bearing a large load, and access smoothly when fully loaded.

3. The drawer slides are equipped with mechanical bearings that are durable.

4.Precisely controlled safety lock with up and down movable lock bolt design, strong and durable, low failure rate.

5.Full-width aluminum handle, beautiful and practical

6. The panel is designed with precise square holes

7. Sorting boxes and a dividing plate can be configured in the drawer, which is convenient for sorting management and use the space effectively. Tool storage cabinets with workbench

Tool storage cabinets with workbench

Tool Storage Cabinets With Workbench

Features:

1. The tool cabinets are equipped with a workbench with the flat and smooth top surface, which can make the work can be done more effectively

2. Each drawer is equipped with a safety lock to prevent the drawer from sliding out accidentally.

3.Electrostatic powder spraying, environmental protection, non-toxic, odorless.

4.Optional workbench top such as stainless steel desktop, wooden top, anti-static workbench top, etc.

5. With the casters, the cabinets will become the mobile tool cabinets.

Tool storage cabinets without drawer

material sorting chest

Features:

1.Made of 1.2mm thick cold-rolled steel plate. The welding rib under the laminate is firm and not easy to deform.

2.Each layer can carry the wright of 250KGS without deformation

3. Electrostatic spray treatment to make it less susceptible to the influence of humid environments.

4.Exquisite lock, With upper and lower links, available on the door, down and up at the same time, lock, lower mutual open rate, more beautiful and safe.

5.Suitable for the unified management of various tools like workshops, automobile repairs, and warehouses.

6.Safety design of anti-drop insurance

7.Upgrade thickening and widening process with thick material for multiple parts

The tool storage cabinet can meet a great unappreciated necessity for your workshop and takes the most advantage of the space you have. With the cabinets, can greatly improve your work efficiency.

Learn About Φ200-650 Hot Rolling Mill Machine

Φ200-650 hot rolling mill machine adopts a three-roll working base, used for rolling small steel bars. TINVO is your trustworthy manufacturer for hot rolling machine. The configuration of the machine is electric motor – gear reducer – gear housing – rolling mill. The rolling mill reducer is with a center distance of 600-700mm. Since the steering and rotational speed of the rolls are irreversible, the prime driven power applies a high-speed AC main motor with a lower cost. Considering that the rolling load is very uneven, a flywheel is added between the gear reducer and the motor in order to balance the motor load. The purpose of the gear housing is to transmit torque to the work roll. Three cylindrical herringbone gears of equal diameter are arranged in a row on the vertical plane of a closed box.

Φ200-650 Hot Rolling Mill Machine

Φ200-350 rolling mill is the equipment of metal hot rolling mill process, which mainly refers to 2 hi roll reversible rolling mill and 3 hi roll reversible rolling mill. The working structure is composed of mill rolls, roll bearings, rolling mill guides, rack, rail seat, roll adjusting device, upper roll balancing device, and roll changing device.

Φ650 rolling mill is generally used as a cogging machine in the rolling mill production line. It is used to roll the slab introduced from the furnace to obtain the desired shape, size, texture and properties, for the lower mill to bite-in. Because the rolled parts just coming out from the heating furnace has the characteristics of high temperature, good plasticity, low deformation resistance, large the pressing amount of the cogging machine (generally up to 50%), the roll of rolling mill is large, and finally, the rolled product has good performance and no residual stress, no bubble, small crystal grain, dense inside texture.

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